The evolution of painting supports is an important part of the development history of oil painting, and the replacement of different supports directly promotes the innovation of oil painting techniques and styles. In the early stage of oil painting development in the 15th century, almost all works were created on solid wooden panels. Artists usually selected high-quality oak and poplar boards, polished them smooth, and coated multiple layers of gypsum primer to make a flat painting base. Wooden panels have the advantages of firm texture and strong deformation resistance, which are very suitable for the fine and delicate painting style of early Northern Renaissance oil paintings. However, wooden panels also have obvious defects: they are heavy and inconvenient to carry, prone to mildew and cracking in humid environments, and the size of works is limited by the board material. In the 16th century, European artists began to try to use linen canvas as a new support. Canvas is light in weight, easy to carry and store, and can be made into super-large painting surfaces, which meets the creation needs of large-scale religious murals and landscape paintings in the Renaissance. After continuous improvement, artists began to coat canvas with professional oil primer to enhance the adhesion of paint and prevent oil penetration. Since then, canvas has gradually replaced wooden panels and become the most mainstream support for oil painting. In modern times, with the development of art materials, new supports such as cardboard, metal plates and synthetic fiber canvas have appeared, further enriching the creation forms of oil painting and adapting to the diverse creative concepts of modern artists.
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